Earliest systematic coal exploitation for fuel extended to ~3600 B.P.

Coal has long fueled human civilizations. The history of systematic coal fuel exploitation has been traced back to the late third millennium before present (post-2500 B.P.). Although sporadic combustion of coal for fuel was reported in some prehistoric archaeological sites, evidence for the systematic exploitation of coal for fuel before 2500 B.P. remains lacking. Here, we report comprehensive understanding for the earliest systematic exploitation of coal for fuel at the Jirentaigoukou site in Xinjiang, northwestern China, at ~3600 B.P. The main body of the site witnessed systematic exploitation of bituminous coals, illustrating a complete chaîne opératoire with selective mining, planned storage, and extensive combustion. Our results transform the knowledge of energy history by extending the upper limit of the systematic exploitation of coal for fuel by approximately a millennium, and provide a precedent of energy transition under intense conflict between social demand and environmental deterioration.

Research on the Oxidative Stress Response of Human Body Caused by Different Nutritional Supplements and the Improvement Effect of Exercise.

This paper combines experimental and observational research to investigate the effect of various nutritional supplements on human oxidative stress response and exercise. Furthermore, this paper investigates the neural pathways involved in motor regulation in the cerebral cortex, striatum, and midbrain. The midbrain is an important site for regulating direct and indirect pathways, as well as motor control. Simultaneously, this paper provides a theoretical foundation as well as experimental value for further understanding the effects of iron deficiency and iron overload on brain iron storage in young adults. Furthermore, this paper provides guidance and a scientific foundation for reasonable exercise for adolescents with iron overload and iron deficiency, as well as an experimental foundation and theoretical support for the development of iron fortifier supplementation and sports foods for special populations. The experimental results validate the method's efficacy.